Fluid intelligence consists of8/17/2023 When you come across an entirely new problem that you can’t solve with your existing knowledge, you have to rely on your fluid intelligence to solve it. This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education. FLUID INTELLIGENCE as “the ability to perceive relationships independent of prior practice or specific instruction about those relationships.” Fluid intelligence involves being able to think and reason abstractly and solve problems.His groundbreaking theory states that intelligence is made up of different abilities that interact and work together to produce a general individual intelligence. The theory of fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence was first proposed by the US-based British psychologist Raymond Cattell. Fluid intelligence implies the ability to reason and think flexibly, while crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired throughout life. For example, people who live off the land in a remote jungle are more likely to value bodily‐kinesthetic abilities more than logical‐mathematical abilities.Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence is one of the many theories of intelligence in psychology, which I find very interesting to take into account in your professional career, and for this reason, I am sharing this post with you. Although the abilities are intrinsically equally important, their value in a particular culture may vary. Howard Gardner divided intelligence into seven abilities. The theory deals withĬomponential intelligence, which includes components essential to acquisition of knowledge, use of problem‐solving strategies and techniques, and use of metacognitive components for selecting a strategy and monitoring progress toward successĮxperiential intelligence, which is reflected both in creatively dealing with new situations and then combining different experiences in insightful ways to solve novel problemsĬontextual intelligence, which is reflected in the management of day‐to‐day affairs Robert Sternberg was concerned with how intelligence is used, particularly in problem solving, as well the abilities it includes. (Verbal/academic, for example, includes such skills as vocabulary and verbal fluency.) The cognitive factor, at the top, is composed of two skills, verbal/academic and practical/mechanical, each of which is itself subdivided. Philip Vemon suggested that intelligence consists of factors and skills arranged hierarchically. The concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence are still used by some psychologists, particularly in the area of aging. It includes abilities such as reasoning and verbal and numerical skills and is generally believed to be affected by experience and formal education. It involves such skills as those requiring spatial and visual imagery and is generally believed to be much less affected by experience and education than is crystallized intelligence.Ĭrystallized intelligence concerns the application of knowledge to problem solving. Raymond Cattell and John Horn suggested that the g‐factor should be divided into fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.įluid intelligence consists of reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing. Combinations of the dimensions and subdivisions can lead to over 100 separate factors, many of which have been demonstrated experimentally.įluid and crystallized intelligence. Guilford proposed three dimensions of mental ability:Įach of these dimensions is subdivided (operations, for example, into such categories as evaluation, cognition, and memory). Inductive reasoning (I), or general reasoning (R)Īccording to Thurstone, each ability can be measured separately, and the sum of the unique abilities composes intelligence. Thurstone proposed in 1938 that primary mental abilities fall into seven categories. Charles Spearman, using the statistical procedure called factor analysis, concluded in 1904 that intelligence is made up of two components: a g‐factor (general intelligence) and s‐factors (a collection of specific cognitive intellectual skills). Other Concepts of Intelligence Spearman's two‐factor theory. Legal Aspects of Psychological Disorders.
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